JD: 00-153                             DoW:  WED/THU                 UTC
Date:  01JUNE2000       

SUMMARY:                                        Sprites and Elves on >50%
Positive Squall Line

TLE PREDICTION:                     [ 0.10]  0.2 chance of TLEs; 0.2 chance
of viewing 
RESULTS:                                        12+ elves and sprites   
LESSONS:                                      Smoke Influenced Squall Line
PERSONNEL:                                Nelson, Fossum, Nordem, Gerken,

STEPS  STATUS:                           Operations. LMA operational.
Worked both storm to south as well as cell that develop to their northwest.

YRFS OPERATION LOGS:        The synoptic situation changed radically after
the forecast was made.n Early evening saw a few scattered thunderstorms on
the nose of a LLJ and inflow to a low which was situated in the NE corner
of CO.  Several moisture boundaries were evident in the surface plots from
RAP/NCAR.  Most of the cells developed along one of these boundaries and
were supported by the low.  About 0430Z, a cold front came through the
area, which dramtically lowered the RH and increased the visibility which
had been reduced due to smoke.  In the NE panhandle, however, low level
moist inflow along the right side of the low encountered the frontal
boundary.  A squall line developed which eventually extended some 500km
from the NE/CO border southwest of Sidney, NE to south of Watertown, SD.
This line had more support along the northern end and the southern end in
NE dissipated at around 0730utc. Line was about 25-30 km wide along the
southern half early in lifetime, and grew to about 50km near dissipation.

Lyons in Goodland for STEPS meeting. Extremely strong winds and extreme
dewpoint gradients were noted in CO-KS area. Wind gust to 82 mph in
Burlington. Wind damage noted in Goodland. Perhaps due to gradient flow?
Extremely strange. Lyons gets picture of cap busting over Ft. Morgan with
extremely vertcauilly sdtreched turrets.

LLTV Obs began at 0257Z with red and blue cameras running.  Just lightning
obs over the steps/LMA domain for 2 hours (almost all -CGs).  Camera A
(blue) was switched to telephoto mode at 0340Z to look for any jets from
the convection at 150-200 km east of YRFS. 

At the start of tape 2, camera A (blue) was turned to the NE to view
convection in the NE panhandle. Sprites were observed from west of
Valentine starting at 0604.  Between 0630 and 0730Z, a series of elves were
observed from the northern extent near Winner, SD.  Additional sprites were
seen from the northern end by both YRFS and Stanford  instrumentation.
Photodiode tested, needs some slight adjustments.
Data Acq system trigger is now OK. 

Obs ended at 0800 with a tear down in 40mph winds.

STEPS OPERATIONS:                Full operations
                                
KEY RESULTS :           Squall line with nearly 100% CGs produces TLEs……and smoke
is in the air from many wildfires. But why was small cell that formed near
Ft. Morgan all negative. It may have been influenced by different airmass.
Very careful surface analyses is required due to the strange frontal
boundary interactions.                          

Total TLEs from Yucca Ridge This Campaign:            153
                                
EQUIPMENT:
FMA             
Red Xybion (A)-Patrol:                   1 tapes
Sony TRV900 3CCD:                      in Goodland
JVC KY-19:                                     shoot daytime TL/STEPS Cam
(to ESE);
Pulnix CCD:                                     shoot various TL scenes         
Photodiode:                                      lens mated to original
unit, tested with strobe
Winckler PMT:                                available
GPS:                                                 OK         
WWV Source:                                  OK
VLF Inspire:                                     OK             
ELF N-S:                                          not available                         
ELF E-W:                                         not available          
NLDN Live:                                     OK       
NLDN Paper:                                   12 maps   
NLDN Archive:                               0 saves
MRC Data Acquisition:                    working on new trigger
FMA Data Acquisition:                    not available          
Thunder Mic:                                    available
LANL Tracker:                                 OK                        
Red  Xybion (B)-Zoom;                   1 tapes
Red Xybion (C)-Tele:                       0 tapes
Blue Xybion(D)-zoom:                     1 tapes
Mountain Cam:                                 nominal
STEPS Cam:                                     nominal
Shure Mic:                                        OK
NEXRAD Archive:                          OK-revised scrips
GOES Archive:                                OK-revised scrips
RUC2 Archive:                                OK                 
                
STANFORD/STAR LAB:
Telescope                                          OK
LLTV                                                OK
ELF/VLF                                          OK

UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY:        not present               
                                
MIT ELF:                                         problems with vertical
antenna, Vadim working on problem
FUELLEKRUG ELF:                    says 80% operational
ISRAELI ELF:                                 nominal    


Walter A. Lyons, Ph.D., CCM             walyons@frii.com
FMA Research, Inc.                      www.FMA-Research.com
Yucca Ridge Field Station               970-568-7664 (voice)
46050 Weld County Road 13               970-482-8627 (fax)
Fort COllins, CO 80524                  970-690-0422 (PCS)